Pea Puffer 1cm

Pea Puffer

The pea puffer might have to be the poster child of nano oddball fish. These fish had a huge surge in popularity through the Australian aquarium hobby with their entry only a few years ago. These delightful freshwater fish have captured the hearts of aquarium enthusiasts worldwide with their tiny size, outgoing personality, and the fact that they are a true puffer fish which we normally only think would be available in saltwater. Despite its adorable appearance, the pea puffer has a bold attitude and a curious nature that brings life and excitement to any aquarium.

Pea puffers are one of the smallest freshwater pufferfish, growing to an average of just 2.5 cm in length. They get their name pea puffer from their comically round body shape, which also has a slightly green tone. They are however covered in a mosaic of greenish-gold and dark spots, reminiscent of a leopard's coat. Their large, protruding eyes are capable of independent movement, giving them a very animated expression. Their fins are small and nearly translucent, which allows their vivid coloration to stand out even more. Being a puffer fish, they can inflate themselves however this is normally a stress response. With enough observation, you may also be able to see the fish inflate themselves to keep the muscles responsible for this active or whilst rival males are sparring.

These fish are inquisitive and active, often seen exploring their environment or hovering mid-water with their characteristic fin movements. Despite their small size, pea puffers can be surprisingly territorial and may nip at tank mates if they feel their space is being invaded. Breeding pea puffers in captivity is possible but requires attention to detail. A pair or small group should be housed in a densely planted tank to encourage spawning. Males are generally smaller and more vibrant, while females are rounder and less intensely coloured. Females will lay eggs on plants or substrate, and the male will guard the eggs until they hatch, which typically takes 4-5 days.

Tank Recommendations for your Pea Puffer
Pea puffers thrive in tanks that are thoughtfully arranged to mimic their natural habitat. A tank size of at least 60 litres is recommended for a small group, with plenty of plants, caves, and other hiding spots. Java moss, Anubias, and hornwort are excellent choices to provide cover. These fish appreciate a gentle flow and clean, well-maintained water, so a good filtration system is essential. The tank should be cycled before introducing them, as they are sensitive to changes in water quality.

Suitable Tank Buddies
Finding tank mates for pea puffers can be challenging due to their territorial and nippy behaviour. Ideally, they are best kept in a species-only tank, but some careful choices can work.

Usually Compatible
Pea puffers generally do well with other pea puffers if the tank is large enough to establish territories. A ratio of one male to several females is ideal for minimizing aggression.

Sometime Compatible
Shrimp, such as Neocaridina species, can sometimes coexist with pea puffers, though there is always a risk of predation. Small, fast-moving fish like neon tetras or harlequin rasboras may avoid aggression, but caution is advised.

Rarely Compatible
Slow-moving or long-finned species like guppies or bettas are poor tank mates, as the pea puffer's nipping tendencies can lead to stress or injury. Larger or more aggressive fish may also bully or harm the small puffer.

Feeding your Pea Puffer
Pea puffers are carnivorous and require a diet rich in protein to thrive. Their diet should include live or frozen foods such as bloodworms, daphnia, brine shrimp, and small snails. Offering snails is particularly beneficial, as it helps wear down their continuously growing teeth. They may also accept high-quality freeze-dried options, but a varied diet is essential for optimal health. Feeding should occur 1-2 times daily in small portions to avoid overfeeding.